ELos Angeles, eMelika: Abahlalutyi bale ngxelo baqhube uphononongo olubanzi lwemarike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi, bethathela ingqalelo izinto eziphambili ezifana nezinto zokuqhuba, imicelimngeni, iindlela zamva nje, amathuba, inkqubela phambili, kunye nokhuphiswano lomhlaba.Le ngxelo iqonda ngokucacileyo imeko yangoku kunye nemeko yexesha elizayo yeshishini lehlabathi lokuphosa intsimbi engwevu.Abaphandi baye basebenzisa iindlela zophando ezifana ne-PESTLE kunye nohlalutyo lwemikhosi emihlanu yePorter.Baye banikezela ngedatha echanekileyo kwimveliso, umthamo, ixabiso, ixabiso, inzuzo kunye nengeniso ye-grey iron castings ukunceda abadlali baqonde ngokucacileyo iimeko zemarike zangoku kunye nezexesha elizayo.
Ihlalutya iinkampani ezikhokelayo kwimakethi ye-iron engwevu yehlabathi, ngelixa ithathela ingqalelo isabelo sabo semakethi, uphuhliso lwamva nje, ukuqaliswa kwemveliso entsha, intsebenziswano, ukudityaniswa okanye ukufunyanwa, kunye neemarike abazisebenzayo.Sikwaqhuba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwepotfoliyo yemveliso yabo ukuphonononga iimveliso kunye nezicelo abagxile kuzo xa besebenza kwimarike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi.Ukongeza, le ngxelo ibonelela ngeengqikelelo ezimbini zeemarike ezizimeleyo-enye yecandelo lemveliso yemarike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi, kunye nelinye icala lokusetyenziswa.Ikwabonelela ngeengcebiso eziluncedo kubadlali abatsha nabadala kwimakethi yehlabathi yokuphosa intsimbi engwevu.
Abadlali abaphambili abakhankanyiweyo kwingxelo yophando lwentengiso yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi: iHitachi Metals, Grede Foundry, Draxton, MAT Foundry, Metal Technologies, Neenah Foundry, Denizciler, INAT Precision, Kutno, Farinia Group, Rochester Metal Products, Willman Industries, Aarrowcast , Weichaichaichai. Amandla (Weifang) ukuCasa, iQela leHuaxiang, iQela leMeide, iShishini laseTianjin Xinweisan, FAW Casting
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwemarike yentsimbi engwevu ngokwesicelo: iimoto, ezolimo, ulwakhiwo kunye nemigodi, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo, umasipala, amandla, nezinye.
Kwicandelo lokwahlulahlula, ingxelo ibonisa indlela icandelo lemarike elikhokelayo linokunyusa isabelo salo kwishishini lokuphosa isinyithi segrey jikelele ngoncedo lwezinto eziphambili ezixhasayo.Umhlalutyi wafunda ngokubanzi usetyenziso kunye namacandelo entengiso yemveliso kumzi mveliso wokuphosa wesinyithi wehlabathi.Abadlali banokusebenzisa olu hlalutyo ukukhetha amacandelo athile emarike abaza kugxila kuwo kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo kwaye baphuhlise amaqhinga asebenzayo okuphumeza ukukhula okuphezulu.Abathengi bengxelo baya kuba nakho ukufumana izabelo ezichanekileyo, amazinga okukhula onyaka ahlanganisiweyo kunye noqikelelo lobungakanani beemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla yesicelo kwishishini lehlabathi lokuphosa intsimbi engwevu.
Njengenxalenye yohlahlelo lommandla, le ngxelo igxile kwimimandla ekhula kakhulu kunye nezinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwazo kushishino lwehlabathi olungwevu lwentsimbi.Ummandla ngamnye obalulekileyo kunye nelizwe ngalinye lenziwe uphando olunzulu ukuze kubonwe amathuba okukhula anengeniso akhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele.Uhlalutyo lwengingqi luya kunceda abathathi-nxaxheba bandise iinyawo zabo, bandise ukuqonda kwabo kwiimeko ezithile zokulawula kumazwe abalulekileyo, kwaye bahlolisise amathuba amatsha kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
(1) Ngexesha loqikelelo, iya kusebenza njani imakethi yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi?Buthini ubungakanani bemarike ngokwexabiso kunye nobungakanani?
(2) Leliphi icandelo lemarike eliya kuqhuba imakethi yehlabathi yokuphosa intsimbi engwevu?Zeziphi iimarike zengingqi eziza kubonisa ukukhula okukhulu kwixesha elizayo?siyintoni isizathu?
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(4) Zeziphi izicwangciso-qhinga ezingundoqo zabathathi-nxaxheba ukuze bazigcine kwimarike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi?
1 Umda woPhando 1.1 Ukwaziswa kwemveliso yentsimbi engwevu 1.2 Imarike ngokohlobo lwe-1.2.1 Imarike ye-iron emdaka yelizwe jikelele inqanaba lokukhula ngokohlobo 1.2.2 Ukubunjwa okuthe tye 1.2.3 Ukubumba okuthe tye 1.3 Imarike ngokusetyenziswa 1.3.1 Ukukhula kwesikali semalike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi izinga lesicelo 1.3 .2 Izithuthi 1.3.3 Ezolimo, ulwakhiwo kunye nemigodi 1.3.4 Oomatshini nezixhobo 1.3.5 Ulawulo lukaMasipala 1.3.6 Amandla 1.3.7 Ezinye 1.4 Iinjongo zophando 1.5 yokuqwalaselwa konyaka
2 Isishwankathelo soLawulo 2.1 Ubungakanani bemakethi yentsimbi engwevu, uqikelelo kunye noqikelelo 2.1.1 2016-2027 ingeniso yentsimbi yehlabathi engwevu 2.1.2 2016-2027 intengiso yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi 2.2 imveliso yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi, imarike ngokommandla Umlinganiselo: 20226 VS 2027 2.3 Umlinganiselo wemalike yembali yokujulwa kwentsimbi engwevu ngokwengingqi (2016-2021) 2.3.1 Uphononongo lwentengiso yentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele ngommandla Imeko yeMarike: 2016-2021 2.3.2 Ngommandla weGlobal Grey Iron Castings Uphononongo lwezeMalike zeMpakethe: 2016- 2021 2.4 Uqikelelo lweMarike ye-Iron Castings kunye noQikelelo lweMarike yoMmandla (2022-2027) 2.4.1 IGlobal Grey Iron Castings Sales Forecast by Regions (2022-2027) 2.4.2 Global Grey Iron Casting Revenue Forecast by Region (2022)-2
3 Abakhuphisana behlabathi jikelele bentsimbi ephoswe ngentsimbi engwevu ngabadlali 3.1 Abavelisi bentsimbi yentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele ngokuthengiswa 3.1.1 Intengiso yabavelisi bentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele (2016-2021) 3.1.2 Abavelisi izabelo zentengiso yentsimbi yehlabathi engwevu (2016- 2021) 3.2 IGlobal Top Grey Cast Iron Manufacturers ngokweNgeniso 3.2.1 Major Grey Cast Iron Manufacturers Abagqunyiweyo: Zibekwe ngokweNgeniso 3.2.2 Manufacturers' Global Grey Cast Iron Revenue (2016-2021) 3.2.3 Manufacturers' Global Grey Cast Iron share share (2016) -2021) 3.2.4 Imarike yokuphosa intsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi (CR5 kunye ne-HHI) (2016-2021) 3.2.5 Ingeniso yokuphosa intsimbi yehlabathi jikelele kwi-10 kunye neenkampani eziphezulu ezi-5 ngo-2020 3.2.6 Isabelo semarike ye-Global Grey yentsimbi yokuphosa ngokohlobo lwenkampani (Inqanaba 1, iTier 2 kunye neTier 3) 3.3 Amaxabiso omvelisi wentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele 3.4 Ukuhanjiswa kwesiseko sokwenziwa kwesiseko sokwenziwa kwentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele, uhlobo lwemveliso 3.4.1 umenzi wentsimbi engwevu yokuvelisa ukuhanjiswa kwesiseko, ikomkhulu rs 3.4.2 Iintlobo zemveliso yentsimbi engwevu manufacturers 3.4.3 Umhla xa abavelisi bamazwe ngamazwe bangena kwimarike yentsimbi engwevu 3.5 Ukudibanisa abavelisi kunye nokufunyanwa kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa
4 Idatha ecandiweyo ngokohlobo (2016-2027) 4.1 Ubungakanani bemarike yentsimbi yentsimbi yehlabathi jikelele ngohlobo (2016-2021) 4.1.1 Intengiso yentsimbi yentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi ngohlobo (2016-2021) 4.1.2 Ngohlobo lweGlobal Grey Cast INgeniso yeIron ngo Uhlobo (2016-2021) 4.1.3 Umndilili weXabiso leNtengiso (ASP) yeGrey Iron Castings ngokoHlobo (2016-2021) 4.2 IGlobal Grey Iron Castings Market Ubungakanani Uqikelelo ngokohlobo (2022-2027 4.2.1 Global grey castings castings forecasts by uhlobo (2022-2027) 4.2.2 Uqikelelo lwengeniso ye-iron egreyi ye-iron ngokohlobo (2022-2027) 4.2.3 Iintsimbi ezingwevu ngokohlobo loqikelelo lwexabiso lokuthengisa eliphakathi (ASP) (2022-2027)
5 Idatha eyahlulwe ngokwesicelo (2016-2027) 5.1 Ubungakanani bemarike yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi ngokusetyenziswa (2016-2021) 5.1.1 Intengiso yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi ngokusetyenziswa kwesicelo (2016-2021) 5.1.2 Ingeniso yokuphosa intsimbi yehlabathi jikelele ngokusetyenziswa ( 2016-2021) 5.1.3 Ixabiso lentsimbi yentsimbi engwevu ngokwesicelo (2016-2021) 5.2 Uqikelelo lwexabiso lentengiso yentsimbi engwevu ngokwesicelo (2022- (2027) 5.2.1 Uqikelelo lwentengiso yentsimbi engwevu ngokwesicelo (2022-2027) 5.2. .2 Uqikelelo lwentelekelelo yengeniso yentsimbi engwevu yehlabathi ngokwesicelo (2022-2027) 5.2.3 Uqikelelo lwentengiselwano yentsimbi engwevu kwihlabathi jikelele ngokwesicelo Uqikelelo lwexabiso lentsimbi yeCast (2022-2027)
6 IJapan ngomdlali, uhlobo kunye nesicelo 6.1 Imarike yaseJapan yokuphosa intsimbi engwevu yakhula unyaka nonyaka ngo-2016-2027 6.1.1 Intengiso yentsimbi engwevu yaseJapan yonyuka unyaka nonyaka 2016-2027 unyaka-nonyaka 2016-2027 6.1.3 Japan 2016-2027 imarike yehlabathi grey casting iron casting isabelo semarike -2021) 6.2.2 Abadlali bentsimbi baseJapan abaphezulu abangwevu baphose ngengeniso (2016-2021) 6.3 Uphononongo lwemalike yaseJapan engwevu ngokwembali ngokohlobo (2016-2021) 6.3.1 Isabelo semarike yentsimbi yaseJapan engwevu ngokohlobo (2016-2021) 6.3.2 EJapan's Isabelo semalike yengeniso yentsimbi engwevu ngokohlobo (2016-2021) 6.3.3 Amaxabiso aseJapan angwevu ngentsimbi ngokohlobo (2016-2021) 6.4 Uqikelelo lwemarike yentsimbi yaseJapan engwevu kunye noqikelelo ngokohlobo (2022- (2027) 6.4.1 Uqikelelo lwentengiso yentengiso zokuphoswa kwentsimbi engwevu eJapan ngohlobo (2022-2027) 6.4.2 Uqikelelo lwengeniso yeentsimbi ezingwevu eJapan ngohlobo (2022-2027) 6.4.3 I-J apan grey castings ngodidi Uqikelelo lwexabiso (2022-2027) 6.5 Uphononongo yokusetyenziswa kwemarike yembali yokujulwa kwentsimbi engwevu eJapan (2016-2021) 6.5.1 Isabelo semarike yentengiso yeentsimbi ezingwevu eJapan ngokwesicelo (2016-2021) 6.5.2 Isabelo semarike sokuthengiswa kwentsimbi engwevu eJapan ngokwesicelo Ingeniso isabelo semarike yesinyithi ngokuchithwa kwesicelo (2016-2021) 6.5.3 Amaxabiso e-iron engwevu yaseJapan ngokwesicelo (2016-2021) 6.6 Ji-apanese grey castings ye-iron castings uqikelelo lwemalike kunye noqikelelo ngokusetyenziswa (2022 -2027) 6.6.1 Uqikelelo lwentengiso yesicelo sentsimbi yaseJapan engwevu (2022-2027) 6.6.2 Uqikelelo lwengeniso yengeniso yesicelo sentsimbi yaseJapan (2022-2027) 6.6.3 Japan engwevu uqikelelo lwexabiso lesicelo sentsimbi (2022-2027)
7 kuMntla Melika 7.1 uMntla Melika owenziwe ngentsimbi engwevu ukukhula kwemarike unyaka nonyaka 2016-2027 7.2 Imarike yentsimbi engwevu yaseMntla Melika kunye nolwazi ngokwelizwe/ummandla .2 Iintsimbi zaseMntla Melika ezingwevu Ukuthengiswa kweNgeniso yeIron Castings lilizwe (2016-2021) 7.2.3 United States 7.2.4 Canada
8 I-Asia Pacific 8.1 Isikali semakethi engwevu yentsimbi yokuphosa kwingingqi ye-Asia-Pacific ikhula unyaka nonyaka ka-2016-2027 8.2 Iinyani kunye namanani entengiso yentsimbi engwevu kwindawo ye-Asia-Pacific yahlulwe ngummandla 8.2 .1 Ukuthengiswa kweentsimbi ezingwevu kwingingqi ye-Asia-Pacific (2016-2021) 8.2.2 Ummandla wase-Asia-Pacific iGray Iron Castings Sales Revenue by Region (2016-2021) 8.2.3 China 8.2.4 Japan 8.2.5 South Korea 8.2.6 India 8.2.7 Australia 8.2.8 Australia 8.2.9 Indonesia 8.2.10 Thailand 8.2.11 eMalaysia
9 IYurophu 9.1 Isikali semarike yentsimbi engwevu yaseYurophu 2016-2027 unyaka nonyaka 9.2 Imarike yentsimbi engwevu yaseYurophu iinyaniso kunye neenkcukacha ngokwelizwe 9.2.1 Intengiso yentsimbi engwevu yaseYurophu ngokwelizwe/ngommandla (2016-2021) 9.2.2 YaseYurophu ingeniso yokuphosa ngentsimbi engwevu ngokwelizwe/ngommandla (2016-2021) 9.2.3 EJamani 9.2.4 France 9.2.5 United Kingdom 9.2.6 Italy
10 Latin America 10.1 Ubungakanani bemakethi yeLatin America grey castings yentsimbi inyuke unyaka nonyaka 2016-2027 10.2 Iinyani kunye namanani eLatin America grey castings imakethi yohlulwe ngokwelizwe/kwingingqi 10.2.1 Ukuthengiswa kweLatin America iintsimbi ezingwevu ngokwelizwe/ngommandla (2016-2021) 10.2.2 Latin America Grey Iron Castings Ingeniso yokuthengisa ngeLizwe/Ngommandla (2016-2021) 10.2.3 Mexico 10.2.4 Brazil 10.2.5 Argentina 10.2.6 Colombia Colombia
11 kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neAfrika 11.1 Ubungakanani bemalike yokuphosa intsimbi engwevu kuMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika bukhule unyaka nonyaka ka-2016-2027 11.2 Iinyani kunye namanani emarike yentsimbi engwevu kuMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika yohlulwe ngokwelizwe. 11.2.1 Amazwe apho iintsimbi ezingwevu zithengiswa kuMbindi Mpuma nase-Afrika (2016-2021) 11.2.2 kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neAfrika amazwe angeniso yentsimbi engwevu (2016-2021) 11.2.3 Turkey 11.2.4 Saudi Arabia 11.2. 5 UAE
12 Isishwankathelo seNkampani 12.1 i-Hitachi Metals 12.1.1 i-Hitachi Metals Co., Ltd. Ulwazi 12.1.2 INkcazelo yeeNyithi ze-Hitachi kunye nesiBonelelo soShishino 12.1.3 I-Hitachi Metals Grey Castings Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.4 I-Metals. Unikezelo lweMveliso yeGrey Castings 12.1.5 Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwezinyithi zeHitachi 12.2 iGrede Foundry 12.2.1 Ulwazi lweGrede Foundry Corporation 12.2.2 INkcazelo yeGrede Foundry kunye nesiBonelelo soShishino 12.2.3 Intengiso yeGrede Foundry Grey Cast Iron, iNgeniso kunye noMda weGross (20124) Kubonelelwe nge-12.2.5 iGrede Foundry yoPhuhliso lwakutsha nje 12.3 Draxton 12.3.1 iNgcaciso yeNkampani yeDraxton 12.3.2 INkcazelo yeDraxton kunye nesiBonelelo soShishino 12.3.3 Intengiso yeDraxton Grey Iron Casts, iNgeniso kunye neGross Margin (Draxton Gray6 ye-Casting4 ye-2011 iMveliso ye-2011 ye-Cass20 2011 12.3.5 Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lweDraxton 12.4 MAT Foundry 12.4.1 MAT Foundry Corporation Informationue kunye neGross Margin (2016-2021) 12.4.4 Ukunikezelwa kweMveliso yentsimbi engwevu yeMAT 12.4.5 MAT Casting uPhuhliso lwamva nje 12.5 iTekhnoloji yeNsimbi 12.5.1 Ulwazi lweNkampani yeTekhnoloji yeNsimbi 12.5.2 INkcazelo yeTekhnoloji yeNtsimbi kunye nesiBonelelo soShishino 12.5.3 IThekhnoloji yeMetal yeGrey yokuCasa iNdawo, iNgeniso kunye neGross Margin (2016 - 2021) 12.5.4 Itekhnoloji yentsimbi engwevu imveliso yentsimbi ibonelelo 12.5.5 Uphuhliso lwamva nje kubuchwephesha bentsimbi 12.6 Nina Foundry 12.6.1 ulwazi lwenkampani kaNina Foundry 12.6.2 Neenah Foundry inkcazo kunye nesishwankathelo seshishini 12.6.3 Neenah Foundry grey cast iron Piece ingeniso kunye nengeniso yomda wengeniso (2016-2021) 12.6.4 Neenah Foundry grey iron casting imveliso enikezelayo 12.6.5 Neenah Foundry uphuhliso lwakutsha nje 17.5.1 Denizciler ulwazi lwenkampani ingeniso kunye nomda wengeniso yengeniso (2016-2) 021) 12.7.4 Iimveliso ze-Denizciler grey cast iron zibonelela 12.7.5 Denizciler Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje 12.8 INTAT Precision 12.8.1 INTInkcazelo yeNkampani ye-AT Precision 12.8.2 INkcazelo echanekileyo ye-INTAT kunye nesiBonelelo soShishino 12.8.3 I-INTAT Precision Grey Iron Casting Sales Margin, iNgeniso kunye neNgeniso yeNgeniso (2016-2021) 12.8.4 INTAT Precision Grey Iron Casting Product Offerings 12.8.5 INTAT Precision Recent 12.9 Kutno 12.9.1 Kutno Ulwazi lweNkampani 12.9.2 INkcazelo yeKutno kunye neSishwankathelo soShishino 12.9.3 Kutno Grey Iron Castings Sales, Revenue and Total Profit Margin (2016-2021) 12.9.4 Kutno Grey Iron Castings Products 12 Kutno.0 Developments 12 Kutno.9. IFarinia Group 12.10.1 Farinia Group Information Information4 Iimveliso zentsimbi ezingwevu ezibonelelwe yiFarinia Group 12.10.5 Farinia Group uphuhliso lwakutsha nje 12.11 Hitachi Metals 12.11.1 Hitac hi Metals Corporation ulwazi 12.11.2 Hitachi Inkcazelo yentsimbi kunye nombono weshishini ( 2016-2021) 12.11.4 Hitachi Metal Grey Iron Casting Products Ukubonelela nge-12.11.5 Hitachi Metals 12 Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lweWelman Industries 12.12.1 Welman Industries Company Information Umda we-Grey Iron Castings ye-Ulman Industrial (2016-2021) 12.12.4 IiMveliso ezibonelelwe nguWellman Industrial 12.12.5 Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lweWellman Industrial 12.13 Aarrowcast 12.13.1 Ulwazi lweNkampani ye-Aarrowcast 12.13.2 INkcazelo ye-Aarrowcast3 kunye neNkcazelo ye-Aarrowcast1 kunye ne-Arrow13 yeShishini. Intengiso ye-Iron Casting, iNgeniso kunye neGross Margin (2016-2021) 12.13.4 Iimveliso ze-Aarrowcast ezibonelelweyo 12.13.1412.5 Wealcast Powercast Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje(Weifang) Ukuphosa 12.14.1 I-Weichai Power (Weifang) Ulwazi lweNkampani 12.14.2 Weichai Power (Weifang) Inkcazelo yokuphosa kunye nesishwankathelo seshishini ) 12.14.4 Ubonelelo lwe-Weichai Power (Weifang) IiMveliso zokuCasa 12.14.5 Weichai Power (Weifang) ) Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje ekubunjweni kwe-12.15 Huaxiang Group 12.15.1 I-Huaxiang Group Information Information 12.15.2 Huaxiang Group3 Inkcazo ye-Huaxiang Group1 kunye ne-Business Overview ye-Huaxi1 I-Grey Iron Casting Sales, iNgeniso kunye ne-Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.15.4 Iimveliso ze-Hua ezibonelelwa yi-Xiang Group 12.15.5 Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwe-Hua Xiang Group 12.16 Meide Group 12.16.1 Inkcazelo yenkampani ye-Meide 12.16.2 Iqela le-Meide kunye neshishini Isishwankathelo 12.16.3 Imveliso ye-Meide Group grey cast iron, ingeniso kunye nomyinge wengeniso yengeniso (2016-2021) 12.16.4 Iimveliso ezibonelelwe nguMeide Group 12.16.5 Meide Group Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje 12.17 Tianjin Xinweisan Industry 12.17.1 Tii anjin Xinweisan Industry Corporation Ulwazi 12.17.2 Tianjin Xinweisan Iprofayile yoShishino kunye neSibonelelo soShishino 12.17.3 Tianjin Xinwei Weisan Industrial Gray Iron Casting Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.17.4 Tianjin Xinweisan Industry Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje 12.18 iFAW Casting 12.18.1 FAW Casting Company Information FAW Foundry Development Recent
13 Amathuba eMarike, imingeni, imingcipheko kunye noHlahlelo lweMiba ePhembelelayo 13.1 iMveliso yoShishino lokuCasa intsimbi engwevu 13.2 IMarike yokuCasa intsimbi engwevu Izinto zokuqhuba 13.3 Imingeni yeMarike yokuCasa intsimbi engwevu
14 Uhlalutyo lwetsheyini lexabiso kunye nohlalutyo lwetshaneli 14.1 Uhlalutyo lwekhonkco lexabiso 14.2 Abathengi bentsimbi engwevu 14.3 Uhlalutyo lwetshaneli yokuthengisa 14.3.1 Amajelo okuthengisa 14.3.2 Abasasazi
16 Isihlomelo 16.1 Indlela yoPhando 16.1.1 Ulwazi-nkqubo/iNdlela yoPhando 16.1.2 Umthombo weenkcukacha 16.2 Iinkcukacha zombhali
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