Ukugalelwa kwentsimbi kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokutofa okanye yokugalela intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwisingundo ukuze yenze into ekwimo efunekayo.Le nkqubo iqhele ukusetyenziselwa imveliso yobuninzi yamacandelo kunye namacandelo asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto, ezolimo, ukuveliswa kwamandla, i-oyile kunye negesi, oomatshini bokuvelisa kunye namacandelo oshishino.
Izixhobo zokwakha kufuneka zomelele, zomelele kwaye zomelele.Kufuneka banciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokumelana neengcinezelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo.Olu hlobo lwezixhobo lukwafuna imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.Ngoko ke, intsimbi yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yezixhobo zokwakha.Iimveliso zentsimbi zikwasetyenziswa nakwamanye amashishini anzima, anjengeemoto, imigodi, ukuvelisa umbane, oomatshini bokwenza, i-oyile negesi, izixhobo zombane nezamashishini.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yeepropathi ezigqwesileyo zeemveliso zokugalela i-aluminiyam, ezinjengobunzima obulula, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, abavelisi balususile ugxininiso lwabo kwiimveliso zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo zeendawo zemoto ukuphosa i-aluminiyam.Ngokomzekelo, i-Aluminium Transportation Group (ATG) ye-Aluminium Association yachaza ukuba kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi besithuthi, i-aluminium ine-carbon footprint ephantsi kunezinye izinto, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo e-aluminium kwizithuthi kunokuphucula uqoqosho.Ubunzima besithuthi bukhaphukhaphu, kokukhona i-fuel encinci kunye namandla afunekayo.Ngapha koko, oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwamafutha enjini kunye nokukhutshwa kwekharbon dioksidi yemoto encinci.
Utyalo-mali lukarhulumente kwiziseko ezingundoqo luya kubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu kwimarike yokugalela ngentsimbi
Oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela baceba ukutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.Kulindeleke ukuba amazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States, iKhanada, i-United Kingdom, iFransi neJamani atyale imali ekulondolozeni iiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo kwaye aza kuphuhlisa iiprojekthi ezintsha.Kwelinye icala, amazwe asakhasayo afana ne-Indiya, iChina, iBrazil noMzantsi Afrika kulindeleke ukuba atyale imali kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi ezintsha.Iiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana noololiwe, amazibuko, iibhulorho, izibonelelo zokuvelisa kunye neeyunithi zoshishino zifuna isixa esikhulu seemveliso zokugalela intsimbi (ezifana neepleyiti zentsimbi) kunye nezixhobo zokwakha (ezifana nezilayishi).Ezi zixhobo zokwakha nazo zineentsimbi zentsimbi kunye neenxalenye.Ke ngoko, ukonyuka kutyalo-mali kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo kunokonyusa imakethi yokuphosa ngentsimbi ngexesha lokuqikelela.
Intsimbi engwevu inokuchazwa njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo enomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphezulu kwe-2% kunye ne-graphite microstructure.Lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwentsimbi ekugaleleni.Ixabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso, liyathambile kwaye liyaqina.Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-iron engwevu kunokubalelwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, njengamandla ayo okuqina kunye namandla esivuno, i-ductility, ukumelana nempembelelo, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso.Ikhabhoni ephezulu yentsimbi engwevu yenza kube lula ukunyibilika, i-weld kunye nomatshini kwiindawo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyuswa kokukhetha kwezinye izinto, isabelo sentengiso yoshishino lwentsimbi engwevu kulindeleke ukuba sehle kancinci.Kwelinye icala, isabelo sentengiso yecandelo lentsimbi ye-ductile kulindeleke ukuba yonyuke ngexesha loqikelelo.Eli candelo linokuthi liqhutywe kukukwazi kwe-ductile cast iron ukuphuhlisa ibe yintsimbi ekhaphukhaphu.Oku kunokunciphisa iindleko zokuhanjiswa kunye nokuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho ngezinye izinto ezifana noyilo kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-metallurgical.
Imizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye nezothutho ngabathengi abaphambili beemveliso zokuphosa intsimbi.Amandla aphezulu okuqina kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo yeemveliso zokuphosa intsimbi kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemoto, ezinje ngee-flywheels, izindlu zokunciphisa, iisistim zebrake, iibhokisi zegiya kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali.Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zabucala nezikawonke-wonke kwihlabathi liphela, kulindeleke ukuba icandelo leemoto nezothutho lifumane isabelo sentengiso ngo-2026.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngentsimbi kumashishini afana nokuveliswa kwamandla, i-oyile kunye negesi, kunye nokuveliswa, isabelo semibhobho kunye nokufakelwa sinokunyuka.Phantse zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemibhobho kunye nokufakelwa kunye namacandelo ahambelanayo.
Imisebenzi yokuvelisa kwingingqi ye-Asia-Pacific iya kukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zentsimbi kwingingqi
Ummandla we-Asiya-Pacific ngowona mthengi mkhulu wehlabathi wokuphosa intsimbi.Ngexesha loqikelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso kulo mmandla kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke.Oku kungenxa yokuba ummandla usebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zentsimbi ephothiweyo ukwenza iimveliso zokugqibela ukusuka kwiindawo zemoto ukuya kwizinto zasekhaya.Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific unezityalo ezininzi zokuvelisa ezifuna iimveliso zentsimbi.
Kwelinye icala, uMntla Merika neYurophu zakwazi ukuhlala zikhuphisana.Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba baphulukane nesabelo semakethi ekupheleni kwexesha loqikelelo.Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2026, isabelo semarike kule mimandla mibini kulindeleke ukuba sibe ngaphantsi kweLatin America, uMbindi Mpuma kunye ne-Afrika.
Kukho inani elikhulu leenkampani ezisebenza kwimarike yentsimbi yehlabathi jikelele.Iinkampani ezisuka eYurophu, eAsia Pacific nakuMntla Melika zilawula imarike ngobuchule bazo obutyebileyo kunye nezixhobo eziphucukileyo zetekhnoloji.Abadlali abahlukeneyo kwimarike yokuphosa intsimbi nabo bangabavelisi abakhulu bentsimbi.Aba bathathi-nxaxheba banokuzuza kakhulu ekudityanisweni ngasemva kuba kunokubanceda ukulawula iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokufumana iteknoloji engcono.Ezinye iinkampani ezibalulekileyo kwimarike ziquka iTata Steel Co., Ltd., Kobe Steel Co., Ltd., ArcelorMittal Co., Nucor Corporation, Hitachi Metal Co., Ltd. kunye neAmsted Railway Company.